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Introduction to Constitutional Law

Overview​

This guide provides an introduction to constitutional law in India, specifically designed for law students and LLB aspirants. We'll explore the fundamental principles, key concepts, and real-life case laws that shape this crucial area of Indian jurisprudence.

Structure of the Constitution​

The Constitution of India is divided into 22 parts, with three schedules. It consists of:

  • 395 articles
  • 8 schedules
  • 101 amendments

Each part deals with a specific aspect of governance and individual rights.

Fundamental Rights​

Article 14: Equality before the law Article 19: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of trade, commerce, and occupation Article 21: Right to life and liberty

These fundamental rights form the cornerstone of individual freedoms in India.

Directive Principles of State Policy​

Article 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the state Article 38: State to secure a social order for promotion of welfare of the people

These directives guide the government in implementing policies that benefit society at large.

Case Law Illustrations​

Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala (1973)​

This landmark case established the doctrine of basic structure, limiting Parliament's power to amend the Constitution.

Legal Section Number: Article 368(1)(a)

Minerva Mills vs Union of India (1980)​

This case further clarified the limits of Parliament's amendment powers under Article 368.

Legal Section Number: Article 368(1)(a)

Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India (1978)​

This case expanded the scope of Article 21, recognizing the right to travel abroad as a fundamental right.

Legal Section Number: Article 21

Conclusion​

Understanding constitutional law is essential for aspiring lawyers and legal professionals. By grasping these fundamental concepts and applying them to real-world scenarios, you'll develop a strong foundation for your future studies and career in law.