Introduction

Biochemistry plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical science and is essential for understanding various aspects of drug development, pharmacology, and clinical practice. As a pharmacy student, grasping biochemical concepts will help you better comprehend how drugs interact with biological systems and why certain medications may have specific effects.

What is Biochemistry?

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms. It examines how cells function, how molecules interact, and how energy is produced and utilized in biological systems.

Key Concepts in Biochemistry

1. Biomolecules
2. Metabolism
3. Enzymes
4. Genetic Information

Let's explore each of these key concepts in more detail:

1. Biomolecules

Biomolecules are organic compounds found in living organisms. They form the basis of all life and play critical roles in various biochemical processes.

Types of Biomolecules

1. Carbohydrates

   • Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
   • Disaccharides (e.g., sucrose)
   • Polysaccharides (e.g., starch)

2. Proteins

   • Structural proteins (e.g., collagen)
   • Functional proteins (e.g., enzymes)
   • Storage proteins (e.g., casein)

3. Lipids

   • Triglycerides
   • Phospholipids
   • Steroids

4. Nucleic Acids

   • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
   • RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Illustration: The Structure of Glucose

[Insert illustration of glucose molecule]

2. Metabolism

Metabolism refers to the set of chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. These reactions involve the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules.

Types of Metabolism

1. Catabolism: Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
2. Anabolism: Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones

Example: Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and occurs in the cytosol of cells. It converts one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, generating ATP and NADH in the process.