Concurrent programming refers to a paradigm where multiple tasks make progress independently, potentially interleaved in execution. This is not the same as parallel computing (tasks running at literally the same instant on multiple cores) — concurrency is about structure, not necessarily simultaneous physical execution.

OpenAI o1: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Explained​

In September 2024, OpenAI released o1 — a model designed not just to generate text but to reason through problems before answering. It represents a meaningful shift in how large language models handle difficult reasoning tasks, particularly in mathematics, coding, and science.